Functions performed by the Ogboni Secret Society in the pre-colonial Yoruba political system.

Functions of the Ogboni Secret Society in the pre-colonial Yoruba political system

The Ogboni (Osugbo in some areas) was a powerful cult of elders and titled men that acted as a check on the Oba and played a central role in Yoruba governance. Its functions included the following:

1. Judicial function: The Ogboni served as the highest court of justice, trying serious cases, especially those involving bloodshed (homicide), and settling major disputes within the community.
2. Check on the Oba's powers: It acted as a restraint on the authority of the Oba, guarding against tyranny and the abuse of power by the monarch.
3. Selection and installation of the Oba: The society took part in choosing a new Oba from the ruling houses and in the rites of his installation.
4. Removal of a bad Oba: Where an Oba became despotic or unacceptable, the Ogboni could reject him and convey to him the order to abdicate or commit suicide, thus removing a tyrannical ruler.
5. Legislative and advisory function: The society deliberated on important matters of state and advised the Oba and the council of chiefs on the making of laws and major decisions.
6. Religious and custodial function: As a cult that worshipped the earth deity, it performed religious rituals and served as custodian of the customs, traditions and moral order of the community.