(a) Differentiate between a de jure and de-facto one-party system (b) Outline four advantages of a multi-party system

(a) Difference between a de jure and a de facto one-party system

A de jure one-party system is one in which the existence of only one political party is legally and constitutionally established. Here the law expressly forbids the formation or operation of any other party, so that the single party is the only party recognised and permitted by the constitution, as was the case in some socialist states.

A de facto one-party system, on the other hand, is one in which, although the constitution and law permit the formation of more than one party, in practice only one party dominates and effectively rules the state. Other parties may legally exist but are so weak, ineffective or absent that a single party controls power in fact though not in law.

(b) Four advantages of a multi-party system

1. It provides the electorate with a wide choice: Voters can choose among several parties and candidates offering different programmes, thereby making a more meaningful choice.
2. It offers an effective opposition: Rival parties check the party in power, criticise its policies and expose its errors, thereby curbing the abuse of power and dictatorship.
3. It promotes and protects democracy: The presence of many parties encourages debate, popular participation and the peaceful competition for power that are essential features of a democracy.
4. It provides an alternative government: Should the ruling party fail or lose an election, another party is ready to form the government, ensuring continuity and stability.

Other advantages include the wider representation of diverse interests and opinions, and greater accountability of the government to the people.