Define pressure groups and explain their mode of operation.

Definition of pressure groups

Pressure groups (also called interest groups) are organised associations of people who share common interests and who come together to influence government policies, laws and decisions in their favour, without themselves seeking to capture political power or form a government.

Mode of operation of pressure groups

1. Lobbying: They approach and persuade legislators, ministers and top officials to make, amend or drop laws and policies in their favour.
2. Peaceful demonstrations, strikes and boycotts: They organise rallies, protests, strikes and boycotts to press their demands and compel government to act.
3. Use of the mass media and propaganda: They publish articles, hold press conferences and use radio, television and newspapers to shape public opinion in support of their cause.
4. Petitions and delegations: They send written petitions and delegations to government to present their grievances and demands.
5. Financial and electoral support: They fund and support political parties or candidates who are sympathetic to their interests, hoping to be favoured in return.
6. Consultation and provision of expert advice: They supply government with specialised information and serve on advisory boards and committees.
7. Litigation: They go to court to challenge policies or defend the interests of their members.