A major feature of Nigerian foreign policy, particularly from independence through the Cold War era, has been non-alignment with any of the power blocs. Nigeria adopted the principle of non-alignment, meaning it chose not to formally align itself with either the Western bloc (led by the United States and NATO) or the Eastern bloc (led by the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact).
This principle was rooted in the desire to maintain sovereignty and independence in foreign affairs, allowing Nigeria to engage with all nations on the basis of mutual respect and national interest rather than ideological loyalty to a superpower. Nigeria was a member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), which brought together developing nations that wished to remain independent of the Cold War power struggle.
Other key features of Nigerian foreign policy include Africa as the centrepiece of its foreign policy, promotion of African unity, respect for territorial integrity and sovereign equality of all nations, peaceful settlement of disputes, and non-interference in the internal affairs of other nations.
The other options describe negative attributes that do not characterise Nigerian foreign policy as a formal principle.