The system of government in which the central and component units possess coordinated powers is

A federal system of government is one in which governmental powers are constitutionally divided between a central (federal) authority and component (regional or state) units. Each level of government has its own defined area of authority, and both operate in a coordinated manner as established by the constitution.

The key feature that distinguishes federalism is this coordination of powers: neither the central government nor the component units derive their authority from the other. Both draw their powers directly from the constitution, and neither can unilaterally abolish or override the other within its constitutionally assigned sphere.

In contrast, a unitary system concentrates power in a single central authority that may delegate limited powers to sub-units at its discretion. A confederal system is a loose alliance of independent states where the central body has very limited authority, and sovereignty remains with the component states. A parliamentary system describes the relationship between the executive and the legislature (where the executive is drawn from the legislature), not the distribution of powers between levels of government.