The highest court in the Hausa-Fulani political system was presided by

In the pre-colonial Hausa-Fulani political system, the Emir was the supreme authority in the emirate. He served as the political, religious, and judicial head. As the highest judicial authority, the Emir presided over the Emir's Court, which was the highest court of appeal in the emirate system.

The judicial hierarchy in the Hausa-Fulani system worked as follows:

• Cases were first heard at the village or district level by local judges (Alkali courts).
• Appeals could move upward through the system.
• The Emir's Court served as the final and highest court of appeal, where the Emir personally adjudicated or oversaw the most important cases.

The other titles had different roles in the system:

• The Hakimi was a district head or vassal chief who administered a district on behalf of the Emir, including some judicial functions at the local level.
• The Ulama (learned Islamic scholars) served as advisers on Islamic law and religious matters but did not preside over the highest court.
• The Sheik (Sheikh) is a title of respect for a religious leader or elder, not a specific judicial office in the Hausa-Fulani emirate system.