Macronutrients required by plants include

Plant nutrients are classified into two groups based on the quantities required:

• Macronutrients (needed in large amounts): nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulphur (S).
• Micronutrients (needed in trace amounts): iron (Fe), boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), and chlorine (Cl).

Calcium is a macronutrient. It is required in relatively large quantities by plants and plays essential roles in cell wall structure (as calcium pectate in the middle lamella), membrane stability, cell signalling, and root development.

Boron, iron, and zinc are all micronutrients (trace elements). Although they are essential for plant health, they are needed only in very small quantities. A common examination mistake is to confuse macro- and micronutrients. Remember: macronutrients include the six elements listed above (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S), and most other mineral elements fall into the micronutrient category.