One of the following is an epidemic diseases in Nigeria

Cholera is an epidemic disease in Nigeria. An epidemic disease is one that occurs suddenly in a population, spreads rapidly, affects a large number of people within a short period, and then subsides. Cholera outbreaks in Nigeria are typically triggered by contaminated water supplies, poor sanitation, and flooding, causing sudden, widespread infection in affected communities before being brought under control.

Malaria is endemic in Nigeria, meaning it is constantly present in the population throughout the year rather than occurring in sudden outbreaks. Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is also endemic in many parts of Nigeria, persisting in areas where people have regular contact with freshwater snails that carry the parasite. Poliomyelitis has been largely controlled through vaccination campaigns and is not characteristically epidemic in Nigeria today.

The distinction between endemic (always present) and epidemic (sudden outbreak, then subsides) is critical in examination questions about disease classification.