(a) State two advantages of industrialization in Nigeria. (b) Explain four problems that retard industrialization in Nigeria. (c) In four ways, describe how...

(a) Advantages of industrialization in Nigeria:

1. It creates employment and raises the incomes and living standards of the people.
2. It diversifies the economy and earns foreign exchange by processing raw materials locally and reducing dependence on imports and on crude oil alone. (Also: promotes technology and infrastructural growth.)

(b) Problems that retard industrialization in Nigeria:

1. Inadequate/unreliable power supply: Frequent electricity failures force reliance on costly generators and disrupt production.
2. Shortage of capital: Insufficient funds and high interest rates limit the establishment and expansion of industries.
3. Inadequate skilled manpower and technology: Shortage of trained technicians and reliance on imported machinery lower efficiency.
4. Poor infrastructure and small market: Bad roads, poor water supply and low purchasing power hinder movement of goods and sales, worsened by competition from cheap imports.

(c) How the problems can be solved:

1. Improve and expand power generation to give industries steady electricity.
2. Provide industrial finance and credit through development banks and encourage local and foreign investment.
3. Train skilled manpower through technical education and adopt appropriate technology.
4. Develop infrastructure and protect local industries by improving roads, water and transport, and controlling harmful imports.