The splitting of the moon is mentioned in Surah Al-Qamar (Surah 54). The very first verse of this surah states: "The Hour has come near, and the moon has split" (54:1). The surah takes its name, Al-Qamar (meaning "The Moon"), from this event.
In Islamic tradition, the splitting of the moon is regarded as one of the miracles performed by Prophet Muhammad. When the Quraysh of Makkah demanded a miraculous sign, the moon was split into two halves, which were then reunited by Allah's command.
The other surahs listed are not associated with this event. Al-Najm (Surah 53, "The Star") discusses the Prophet's ascension and revelation. Al-Mulk (Surah 67, "The Sovereignty") addresses Allah's dominion over creation. Al-Shams (Surah 91, "The Sun") opens with oaths by celestial and natural phenomena but does not mention the splitting of the moon.