Study specimens H, K, L and M and answer questions 2 (a) to 2 (e). (a) Name the location of each of the specimens H, K and M in the body of a mammal. (b)(i)...
Question 1 Report
Study specimens H, K, L and M and answer questions 2 (a) to 2 (e).
(a) Name the location of each of the specimens H, K and M in the body of a mammal.
(b)(i) Name the fluid in specimen L (ii) State two functions of the fluid named in 2 (b) (i). (iii) Which of the other specimens is specimen L associated with?
(c)(i) State two observable differences between specimens H and K. (i) State two observable features of specimen K that adapt it to its function.
State one biological importance each of specimens K and M.
(d) Make a drawing 8 cm -10 cm long, of specimen M and label fully.
Answer Details
(a) Location of specimens H, K and M in the body of a mammal
- Specimen H (liver): lies just below the diaphragm, in the upper part of the abdominal cavity (abdomen).
- Specimen K (lung): lies in the thoracic cavity (chest/thorax).
- Specimen M (kidney): attached to the dorsal (back) wall of the abdominal cavity.
(b)(i) Fluid in specimen L: bile.
(b)(ii) Two functions of the bile:
- It emulsifies fats and oils into tiny fat droplets, increasing the surface area for the action of the enzyme lipase.
- Its inorganic (alkaline) salts neutralise the acidic chyme leaving the stomach, providing a suitable alkaline medium for the pancreatic and intestinal enzymes to act.
(b)(iii) Specimen L (bile) is associated with specimen H (the liver), which secretes it.
(c)(i) Two observable differences between specimens H and K
| Specimen H (liver) | Specimen K (lung) |
|---|---|
| Solid, firm and turgid in texture | Soft, spongy and fluffy in texture |
| Dark red / reddish-brown in colour | Brighter pink / red in colour |
(c)(ii) Two observable features of specimen K (lung) that adapt it to its function:
- A thin, moist surface membrane over which respiratory gases dissolve and diffuse rapidly.
- A rich supply of blood capillaries (highly vascularised) that quickly transports the exchanged gases to and from the surface.
(c)(iii) One biological importance each of specimens K and M:
- Specimen K (lung): provides the surface for breathing (inspiration and expiration) and gaseous exchange during respiration.
- Specimen M (kidney): carries out osmoregulation and the production of urine, excreting metabolic waste and maintaining the body's acid-base (water and salt) balance.
(d) Drawing of specimen M (kidney), 8 cm to 10 cm long, fully labelled
The diagram below is a longitudinal section of the kidney (specimen M), drawn to the required size and labelled fully.
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