Answer all the questions in this section. Study specimen S, T, U, V and Wand answer questions 4 (a) to 4(e). (a) (i) Name the habitats of each of specimens ...
Question 1 Report
Answer all the questions in this section.
Study specimen S, T, U, V and Wand answer questions 4 (a) to 4(e).
(a) (i) Name the habitats of each of specimens S, U and W.
(ii) Name the class to which each of specimens S, U and W belong.
(b) State: (i) Four observable similarities between specimens S and U. (ii) five observable differences between specimens S and U.
(c)(i) identify the sex of specimen U. (i) State two reasons for the answer in 4 (c)(i).
(d)State four observable features that adapt specimen S to its habitat.
(e) Construct a food chain using at least three of the given specimens.
Answer Details
(a)(i) Habitats
- Specimen S (toad): moist, damp land, under stones and in damp vegetation near freshwater.
- Specimen U (agama lizard): on house walls, in cracks, on trees, in gardens and farmland.
- Specimen W (locust): on vegetation in grassland, farms and on the leaves of plants.
(a)(ii) Class of each
- Specimen S (toad): Amphibia.
- Specimen U (lizard): Reptilia.
- Specimen W (locust): Insecta.
(b)(i) Four similarities between S and U: both have a head bearing eyes, a wide mouth and nostrils; both have four limbs (two pairs); both possess a tympanic membrane (eardrum); and both have a distinct trunk.
(b)(ii) Five differences between S and U
| Specimen S (toad) | Specimen U (lizard) |
|---|---|
| Skin is warty and moist, without scales | Skin is dry and covered with scales |
| Tail absent | Tail present |
| Digits of hind limbs are webbed | Digits are not webbed and end in claws |
| Neck absent, body short and wide | Neck present, body long and narrow |
| Poison gland present; no nuchal crest | No poison gland; nuchal crest present |
(c)(i) Sex of specimen U: male.
(c)(ii) Two reasons: it is brightly coloured with a red head and blue-black trunk with an orange/blue tail; and it bears a prominent nuchal crest and gular fold, which are features of the male agama.
(d) Four features that adapt specimen S (toad) to its habitat: a poison gland in the warty skin for protection against predators; webbed hind digits for swimming in water; long, muscular hind limbs for jumping and hopping on land; and a cryptic (warty, dull) skin colour for camouflage. The moist skin also aids cutaneous respiration.
(e) Food chain (at least three specimens):
Specimen T (grass) → Specimen W (locust) → Specimen S (toad) → Specimen V (hawk).
An alternative valid chain is: Specimen T (grass) → Specimen W (locust) → Specimen U (lizard).
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