Answer all the questions in this section. Study specimen S, T, U, V and Wand answer questions 4 (a) to 4(e). (a) (i) Name the habitats of each of specimens ...

Answer Details

(a)(i) Habitats

• Specimen S (toad): moist, damp land, under stones and in damp vegetation near freshwater.
• Specimen U (agama lizard): on house walls, in cracks, on trees, in gardens and farmland.
• Specimen W (locust): on vegetation in grassland, farms and on the leaves of plants.

(a)(ii) Class of each

• Specimen S (toad): Amphibia.
• Specimen U (lizard): Reptilia.
• Specimen W (locust): Insecta.

(b)(i) Four similarities between S and U: both have a head bearing eyes, a wide mouth and nostrils; both have four limbs (two pairs); both possess a tympanic membrane (eardrum); and both have a distinct trunk.

(b)(ii) Five differences between S and U

(c)(i) Sex of specimen U: male.

(c)(ii) Two reasons: it is brightly coloured with a red head and blue-black trunk with an orange/blue tail; and it bears a prominent nuchal crest and gular fold, which are features of the male agama.

(d) Four features that adapt specimen S (toad) to its habitat: a poison gland in the warty skin for protection against predators; webbed hind digits for swimming in water; long, muscular hind limbs for jumping and hopping on land; and a cryptic (warty, dull) skin colour for camouflage. The moist skin also aids cutaneous respiration.

(e) Food chain (at least three specimens):

Specimen T (grass) → Specimen W (locust) → Specimen S (toad) → Specimen V (hawk).

An alternative valid chain is: Specimen T (grass) → Specimen W (locust) → Specimen U (lizard).