A policy group is preparing advice for Pakistan's Ministry of Commerce after several clothing brands began sourcing from factories in more than one country....
Question 1 Report
A policy group is preparing advice for Pakistan's Ministry of Commerce after several clothing brands began sourcing from factories in more than one country. Pakistani firms can communicate with buyers instantly and use faster transport, yet they face strong competition over price, quality and delivery standards. The group needs a balanced judgement about globalisation.
(a) State what is meant by globalisation. [1]
(b) Describe one way instant communication changes the relationship between a Pakistani exporter and an overseas buyer. [1]
(c) Explain three opportunities that globalisation can provide for Pakistan's clothing industry. [3]
(d) Analyse five reasons why better transport and communication do not automatically ensure that Pakistan gains equally from globalisation. [5]
Answer Details
(a) Increasing connection and interdependence between countries through trade, investment, people, information and culture. [1] (b) Orders, design changes or quality queries can be exchanged quickly without a face-to-face meeting. [1] (c) Any three: access to larger overseas markets [1]; foreign investment and new technology [1]; employment in manufacturing, logistics and services [1]; export earnings and foreign exchange [1]; exposure to international designs and standards may improve products [1]. (d) Any five: competitors may produce similar goods more cheaply [1]; poor quality control can lead to cancelled orders [1]; energy shortages or high electricity costs raise production costs [1]; transport bottlenecks, port delays and unreliable delivery reduce competitiveness [1]; small firms may lack finance, skills or digital access [1]; profits from foreign-owned firms may leave Pakistan [1]; workers may face low wages or insecure employment [1]; international demand can fall during global recession [1]; benefits may concentrate in major cities rather than poorer regions. [1]
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