In an oral-history project, an elderly participant recalls attending meetings of the Khilafat Movement after the First World War. Speakers said that the Ott...
Question 1 Report
In an oral-history project, an elderly participant recalls attending meetings of the Khilafat Movement after the First World War. Speakers said that the Ottoman Sultan was important to Muslims as Caliph and criticised British policy towards Turkey. Congress activists also attended some meetings during the non-cooperation campaign. The project asks how religious feeling influenced politics in British India.
(a) Identify the title held by the Ottoman Sultan that concerned many Muslims. [1]
(b) Explain two reasons why Muslims in India supported the Khilafat Movement. [2]
(c) Analyse two reasons why Hindu-Muslim unity during this campaign did not last. [2]
Answer Details
(a) Caliph / Khalifa [1] (b) Any two: Muslims wished to protect the Caliph's position [1]; they opposed harsh treatment or division of Turkey after the war [1]; they saw British policy as hostile to Islam [1]. Max [2] (c) Any two: the movement lost its central issue when Turkey abolished the Caliphate [1]; Congress and Muslim leaders had different long-term political aims [1]; communal tensions and violence weakened cooperation [1]. Max [2]
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