A district officer is studying a 2011 briefing on the Eighteenth Amendment. The briefing says that several responsibilities, including education and health,...
Question 1 Report
A district officer is studying a 2011 briefing on the Eighteenth Amendment. The briefing says that several responsibilities, including education and health, were transferred from the federal level to provincial governments. Use this reform as a case study of how Pakistan tried to improve democratic government after military rule.
(a) Identify the year in which the Eighteenth Amendment was passed. [1]
(b) Explain two ways in which the amendment strengthened the provinces. [2]
(c) Analyse one challenge created when provinces received greater responsibility. [3]
Answer Details
(a) 2010. [1] (b) Any two: more subjects such as education and health were devolved; provincial autonomy increased; the concurrent list was removed; provincial shares/resources were strengthened; presidential powers to dissolve parliament were reduced. [2] (c) Any three linked points: poorer provinces may lack trained staff; standards may differ between provinces; funding disputes can arise; coordination is harder for national emergencies; local corruption or weak administration may limit benefits. [3]
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