In northern Kenya, a non-government organisation monitored a drought-resilience project in a pastoral village. Fig. 1 shows the water system installed after...
Question 1 Report
In northern Kenya, a non-government organisation monitored a drought-resilience project in a pastoral village. Fig. 1 shows the water system installed after several years of unreliable rainfall. Rainwater from a school roof is directed into a covered storage tank. A solar pump then lifts stored water to a raised trough for goats and cattle. Students studying the project were asked to consider both the benefits and limitations of this method.
(a) State the source of energy used by the pump. [1]
(b) Explain one way the water system could improve food security for pastoral households. [2]
(c) Suggest two reasons why this project may not fully solve water shortages during a long drought. [2]
The diagram shows a simplified global supply chain for a mobile phone used by a student in the United Kingdom. Minerals are extracted in several low-income countries, parts are assembled in East Asia and used phones may later be sent to a recycling centre. This case study was used in a school study of globalisation and unequal development. The width of each arrow indicates the movement of materials, products or money.
(a) State the country where the phones are assembled. [1]
(b) Explain one reason why a company may choose to assemble phones in Vietnam rather than in the UK. [2]
(c) Suggest two ways in which consumers can reduce the environmental impact of the supply chain shown in Fig. 1. [2]
Answer Details
Kenya water system
- (a) The pump uses solar energy, or sunlight. [1]
- (b) The system provides water that keeps livestock alive and healthy. Households can therefore obtain milk, meat, or income from their animals, improving food security. [2]
- (c) During a long drought, little or no rain may enter the tank. The tank also has limited storage capacity, and demand from people and livestock may exceed supply. Pump or solar-panel maintenance is another valid limitation. Any two. [2]
Mobile-phone supply chain
- (a) The phones are assembled in Vietnam. [1]
- (b) Labour costs may be lower in Vietnam than in the United Kingdom. This reduces production costs, allowing the company to sell phones more competitively. [2]
- (c) Consumers can keep a phone for longer and repair it rather than replace it. Recycling through an approved scheme or buying a refurbished phone are also valid ways to reduce waste and demand for new materials. [2]
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