Read the information in Fig. 1. It shows the route taken by a family moving from a drought-affected rural district to Kano, Nigeria. The family first stayed...
Question 1 Report
Read the information in Fig. 1. It shows the route taken by a family moving from a drought-affected rural district to Kano, Nigeria. The family first stayed with relatives, then rented one room close to a textile market. Their experience is one example of rural-to-urban migration and its effects on a rapidly growing city.
(a) State one push factor that may have encouraged the family to leave the rural district. [1]
(b) State two pull factors that may have attracted the family to Kano. [2]
Table 1 records noise readings taken by students at four sites around an airport on the edge of Delhi. Fig. 1 shows the runway and the locations used in the fieldwork enquiry. The readings were taken for ten minutes at each site while aircraft were landing. Students wanted to identify areas most affected by this urban environmental issue.
| Site | Location | Mean noise level (dB) |
|---|---|---|
| W | Under flight path | 82 |
| X | Housing estate | 71 |
| Y | Park | 58 |
| Z | Industrial estate | 64 |
(a) State the site with the highest mean noise level. [1]
(b) State two conclusions from Table 1 and Fig. 1 about aircraft noise. [2]
(c) State one method that could reduce noise impacts on nearby homes. [1]
Answer Details
Rural-to-urban migration
(a) A valid push factor is drought, which can cause crop failure and low farm income. Lack of rural jobs is also acceptable. [1]
(b) Two pull factors attracting the family to Kano could be more jobs and higher wages. Access to schools, health care, better services, or relatives already living there are also valid. [2]
Aircraft noise
(a) The highest mean noise level was recorded at site W, under the flight path. [1]
(b) Site W, under the flight path, has the highest reading, 82 dB. The housing estate at site X also has a high reading of 71 dB, showing that nearby homes are affected. The park at site Y has the lowest reading, 58 dB, which is also a valid conclusion. [2]
(c) One way to reduce impacts is to restrict night flights. Altering flight paths, insulating homes or constructing noise barriers would also be acceptable. [1]
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