Fig. 1 shows two routes used by commuters travelling into the CBD of Curitiba. Route A is a direct cycleway and Route B follows a road used by cars. The loc...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 1 shows two routes used by commuters travelling into the CBD of Curitiba. Route A is a direct cycleway and Route B follows a road used by cars. The local authority is considering more cycleways as part of a sustainable urban transport plan, and it asked residents to comment on the map.
(a) State the route intended for cycling. [1]
(b) State two benefits for the city if more commuters use route A. [2]
Table 1 gives air-quality data from a fieldwork enquiry beside two streets in Birmingham. Fig. 1 shows the positions of the monitoring tubes. Students left the tubes for seven days, then calculated a mean nitrogen dioxide concentration. Site P is beside a busy road and site Q is inside a pedestrianised shopping street.
| Site | Mean nitrogen dioxide (micrograms per m3) | Mean vehicles per minute |
|---|---|---|
| P | 46 | 38 |
| Q | 19 | 2 |
(a) State the site with the greater mean nitrogen dioxide concentration. [1]
(b) State two conclusions supported by the data in Table 1. [2]
(c) State one way the students could improve the reliability of this enquiry. [1]
Answer Details
Curitiba transport
- (a) The intended cycle route is Route A. It is labelled as the direct cycleway. [1]
- (b) Two valid benefits are less traffic congestion, because some commuters no longer use cars, and lower air pollution, because cycling does not produce vehicle exhaust emissions. Lower carbon emissions, less noise, and improved health through exercise are also valid. [2]
Birmingham air-quality enquiry
- (a) Site P has the greater mean nitrogen dioxide concentration: 46 micrograms per m3, compared with 19 micrograms per m3 at Q. [1]
- (b) Nitrogen dioxide concentration is higher at P than at Q. Also, P has many more vehicles per minute than Q, 38 compared with 2. These are conclusions directly supported by the table; the data show an association, but do not by themselves prove that traffic caused the difference. [2]
- (c) Use duplicate monitoring tubes at each site and calculate a mean. This reduces the influence of one anomalous tube reading and improves reliability. More sites, repeating in different weeks, or collecting data in another season are also valid. [1]
Download The App On Google Playstore
Everything you need to excel in your exams
