Question 1 Report
During a low-tide survey, pupils examined the rocky shore in Fig. 1. The photograph-style diagram shows a headland with a cave on one side and a small arch on the other. The rocks contain a line of joints that faces the incoming sea. This study helps pupils identify how coastal landscapes change over time.
(a) Which feature is likely to form after an arch collapses? [1]
(b) Outline how hydraulic action enlarges a joint to make a cave. [2]
(c) Draw the next two stages in the erosion sequence after the arch, using simple labelled sketches. [2]
(a) Stack [1] (b) Waves force water and trapped air into a joint [1]; pressure repeatedly widens the crack and removes loosened material [1] (c) Stack shown or labelled [1]; stump shown or labelled after further erosion [1]
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