Fig. 1 shows a satellite-style field sketch of mangrove woodland and a coastal village in the Philippines. A local charity compared two nearby sections of c...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 1 shows a satellite-style field sketch of mangrove woodland and a coastal village in the Philippines. A local charity compared two nearby sections of coast after Typhoon Rai. Table 1 records the width of mangroves, maximum wave run-up and the proportion of homes damaged. The study is being used to decide whether restoring ecosystems can be part of tropical-storm management.
| Coastal section | Mangrove width (m) | Maximum wave run-up inland (m) | Homes damaged (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| North, cleared mangroves | 15 | 2.8 | 61 |
| South, dense mangroves | 180 | 1.1 | 24 |
(a) Which coastal section had less housing damage? Use a value from Table 1. [2]
(b) Outline how mangroves can reduce the impact of storm waves. [2]
(c) Explain why a hazard-management plan should use both mangrove restoration and other methods. [4]
Answer Details
(a) South, dense mangroves [1]; 24% of homes damaged [1]. [2] (b) Roots and trunks create friction / slow water [1]; vegetation absorbs wave energy and traps sediment [1]. [2] (c) Mangroves reduce wave energy naturally [1]; but they take time to grow / may be damaged in an extreme storm [1]; warnings and evacuation protect people before landfall [1]; raised buildings, shelters or sea walls can protect exposed settlements as additional measures [1]. [4]
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