Table 1 shows mean scores from a study of memory for safety instructions. Participants either read the instructions once, repeated them aloud, or created an...
Question 1 Report
Table 1 shows mean scores from a study of memory for safety instructions. Participants either read the instructions once, repeated them aloud, or created an example for each instruction. Recall was tested after 10 minutes and after 48 hours.
| Learning condition | Mean correct after 10 minutes, out of 15 | Mean correct after 48 hours, out of 15 |
|---|---|---|
| Read once | 8.2 | 3.1 |
| Repeated aloud | 11.4 | 5.6 |
| Created an example | 12.0 | 9.8 |
(a) Which learning condition produced the best recall after 48 hours? [1]
(b) Use Table 1 to calculate the decrease in mean score for the repeated-aloud condition. [2]
(c) Describe one conclusion about rehearsal that is supported by the data. [3]
(d) Explain why creating examples may lead to stronger long-term memory than reading once. [6]
Answer Details
(a) Created an example [1] (b) 11.4 - 5.6 = 5.8 correct instructions [2] (c) Any three from: repeating aloud gives better recall than reading once after 10 minutes, 11.4 compared with 8.2 [1]; repeating aloud gives better recall than reading once after 48 hours, 5.6 compared with 3.1 [1]; both conditions show lower recall after 48 hours [1]; repeated aloud does not retain as much information as creating examples after 48 hours [1] (d) Any six from: creating examples involves elaborative rehearsal [1]; the participant processes the meaning of each instruction [1]; this is deep/semantic processing [1]; examples connect new instructions with existing knowledge or experience [1]; this produces a richer memory trace [1]; it creates more retrieval cues [1]; the instruction is therefore more likely to be encoded in LTM [1]; recall after a long delay is more likely [1]
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