Fig. 1 shows a choice chamber used by a student to observe woodlice. One side contains damp leaf litter and the other side contains dry leaf litter. The stu...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 1 shows a choice chamber used by a student to observe woodlice. One side contains damp leaf litter and the other side contains dry leaf litter. The student placed 20 woodlice in the centre and counted the animals after 10 minutes.
Table 1 shows the results from four trials.
| trial | number on damp side after 10 min |
|---|---|
| 1 | 16 |
| 2 | 15 |
| 3 | 17 |
| 4 | 16 |
(a) Describe the response shown by the woodlice. [2]
(b) Suggest why a damp habitat increases the chance of survival of a woodlouse. [2]
Fig. 1 shows a young chimpanzee watching an adult use a stone to crack a hard nut. The young chimp later picks up a stone and attempts the same action. Both chimpanzees are in a forest group.
(a) Name the type of learning shown by the young chimpanzee. [1]
(b) Describe how this learning differs from an inherited behaviour. [2]
(c) Suggest one advantage to a young chimp of learning this behaviour from an adult. [2]
Answer Details
Woodlice: (a) More woodlice moved to or remained on the damp side [1]. This shows a preference for moist conditions, a directional response to humidity [1].
(b) Damp conditions reduce water loss from the body [1]. Avoiding dehydration allows cells to function and improves survival [1].
Chimpanzees: (a) The young chimp shows imitation, or observational learning [1].
(b) This behaviour is acquired by experience or observing another animal [1]. It is not controlled only by genes and is not necessarily present at birth [1].
(c) Copying an adult lets the young chimp learn a successful technique more quickly [1], allowing it to obtain food from hard nuts and gain energy [1].
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