A public-health team compared two villages during a campaign to reduce deaths from coronary heart disease. Table 1 shows information collected from adults a...
Question 1 Report
A public-health team compared two villages during a campaign to reduce deaths from coronary heart disease. Table 1 shows information collected from adults aged 40 to 60 years. In Village B, free weekly exercise sessions and advice about smoking were offered for two years. Fig. 1 shows a coronary artery becoming blocked by a clot at a narrowed region. If blood cannot reach part of the heart muscle, cells may die because they do not receive enough oxygen. The team did not claim that the programme alone caused every change, because diet, genetics and access to healthcare may also affect risk.
| measurement | Village A | Village B |
|---|---|---|
| adults who smoke / % | 24 | 15 |
| adults exercising at least 3 times weekly / % | 31 | 52 |
| new coronary heart disease cases per 1000 adults | 18 | 11 |
(a) Name the disease shown in Fig. 1 when a coronary artery becomes blocked. [1]
(b) Describe two differences between Village A and Village B in Table 1. [2]
(c) Suggest why smoking can increase the risk of coronary heart disease. [3]
Answer Details
(a) The disease is coronary heart disease, or a heart attack [1].
(b) Village B has fewer smokers, 15% compared with 24% [1]. Village B also has more adults exercising at least three times weekly, 52% compared with 31%, and fewer new coronary heart disease cases, 11 compared with 18 per 1000 adults [1].
(c) Smoking damages the artery lining [1]. This increases fatty deposit formation and makes arteries narrower [1]. Reduced blood flow means less oxygen reaches the heart muscle [1], reducing aerobic respiration and potentially damaging heart cells.
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