A museum worker prepared a slide from the fleshy leaf of a houseplant. Fig. 1 shows two cells seen using a microscope. Cell A is close to the upper surface ...
Question 1 Report
A museum worker prepared a slide from the fleshy leaf of a houseplant. Fig. 1 shows two cells seen using a microscope. Cell A is close to the upper surface of the leaf and contains many chloroplasts. Cell B is part of the lower epidermis. The worker is making a display to show that cells in the same plant can have different structures because they carry out different jobs. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through openings in the epidermis.
(a) What are the structures labelled X? [1]
(b) Give the word equation for photosynthesis. [2]
(c) Describe why cell A contains more of structure X than cell B. [2]
A paramedic looked at a blood smear from a patient with a suspected infection. Fig. 1 shows a white blood cell and several red blood cells. The white blood cell can change shape and engulf bacteria. Red blood cells are much more numerous and transport oxygen around the body. The paramedic notes that the red blood cells have a pale centre because they are biconcave discs.
(a) What is the cell labelled A? [1]
(b) Describe one feature of a red blood cell that helps it transport oxygen. [2]
(c) Give the name of the oxygen-carrying substance in red blood cells. [1]
(d) When a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium, what type of body defence is this? [1]
Answer Details
Leaf cells, (a) Structures X are chloroplasts. [1]
Leaf cells, (b) The word equation is:
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen. [2]
Leaf cells, (c) Cell A is near the upper leaf surface, so it receives more light. It is specialised for photosynthesis and therefore contains many chloroplasts to absorb light energy. [2]
Blood cells, (a) Cell A is a white blood cell. [1]
Blood cells, (b) A red blood cell has a biconcave shape, providing a large surface area for gas exchange. Alternatively, it has no nucleus, leaving more space for haemoglobin. [2]
Blood cells, (c) The oxygen-carrying substance is haemoglobin. [1]
Blood cells, (d) Engulfing a bacterium is phagocytosis. [1]
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