(a) Explain each of the following terms; (i) farmstead (ii) secondary tillage. [4 marks] (b) State one function of each of the following parts of a mouldboa...
Question 1 Report
(a) Explain each of the following terms; (i) farmstead (ii) secondary tillage. [4 marks]
(b) State one function of each of the following parts of a mouldboard plough: (i) hitch; (ii) furrow wheel; (iii} disc coulter; (iv) plough share; (v) mouldboard. [5 marks]
(c) Describe one natural process that takes carbon away from the atmosphere. [2 marks]
(d) Outline three ways of replenishing plant nutrients in the soil. [3 marks]
(e) State two deficiency symptoms of calcium in crops. [2 marks]
(f) List four soil organisms. [2 marks]
Answer Details
(a) Explanation of terms
- (i) Farmstead: the part of a farm on which the farm buildings and their immediate surroundings stand, such as the farmhouse, barns, stores, pens and yards where the day-to-day activities of the farm are based.
- (ii) Secondary tillage: the lighter cultivation operations carried out after primary tillage to break the soil into a fine tilth, level it and prepare a good seed bed (for example harrowing, ridging and levelling).
(b) One function of each part of a mouldboard plough
| Part | Function |
|---|---|
| (i) Hitch | Connects/attaches the plough to the tractor or draught animal. |
| (ii) Furrow wheel | Runs in the furrow and controls the width and depth of the furrow, giving stability. |
| (iii) Disc coulter | Cuts the soil vertically ahead of the share, giving a clean furrow wall. |
| (iv) Plough share | Cuts the soil horizontally and lifts the furrow slice. |
| (v) Mouldboard | Turns over and inverts the furrow slice, burying weeds and trash. |
(c) One natural process that takes carbon away from the atmosphere
Photosynthesis: green plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it, in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, to manufacture carbohydrates, thereby removing carbon from the air.
(d) Three ways of replenishing plant nutrients in the soil
- Application of organic manure (farmyard manure, compost, green manure).
- Application of inorganic (chemical) fertilisers.
- Practising crop rotation with legumes and allowing the land to fallow.
(e) Two deficiency symptoms of calcium in crops
- Death of the growing points (terminal buds) and poor root development.
- Young leaves become deformed, curled or show scorching/dieback of their tips and margins.
(f) Four soil organisms
- Earthworm
- Termite
- Bacteria
- Fungi (nematodes and millipedes also acceptable)
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