(a) Explain briefly two types of soil water.…

Question 1 Report

(a) Explain briefly two types of soil water.

(b) State four management practices carried out during the brooding of chicks.

Answer

Answer Details

(a) Two types of soil water:

Capillary water: water held in the small (micro) pores of the soil by surface tension against the pull of gravity. It is the main source of water available to plant roots.
Gravitational water: water that drains freely downward through the large (macro) pores under the pull of gravity after rain or irrigation. It is not held long enough to be very useful to plants, and its excess causes waterlogging.

(b) Four management practices during the brooding of chicks:

Provide adequate warmth with a brooder (about 35 °C in the first week, reduced weekly).
Supply clean drinking water and good-quality chick-starter feed.
Provide adequate lighting, good ventilation and clean dry litter.
Avoid overcrowding and protect the chicks from predators (and vaccinate as scheduled).

(c) Completed table on diseases of farm animals:

Disease	Causal organism	Vaccine / drug administered
Marek's disease	(i) Marek's disease virus (a herpesvirus)	(ii) Marek's (HVT / turkey herpesvirus) vaccine
(iii) Newcastle disease	(iv) Newcastle disease virus (a paramyxovirus)	NDV La Sota
Coccidiosis	(v) Eimeria species	(vi) Coccidiostat (e.g. amprolium)
Anthrax	(vii) Bacillus anthracis	(viii) Anthrax spore vaccine (antibiotics such as penicillin for treatment)

(a) Explain briefly two types of soil water. (b) State four management practices carried out during the brooding of chicks. (c) Complete the table below on ...