a) List three equipment used on a dairy farm. b) Outline the steps involved in the pasteurization of milk. c) State four roles of each of the following agen...

a)  List three equipment used on a dairy farm. 

b) Outline the steps involved in the pasteurization of milk.     

c)  State four roles of each of the following agents in the marketing of animal products:
 (i)  wholesaler;
 (ii) retailer.        

d) State three advantages of each of the following agents involved in the marketing of animal products:
  (i)   marketing boards;
  (ii)  co-operative societies. 

Answer Details

a)

Three equipment used on a dairy farm are milking machines, bulk milk tanks, and pasteurizers.

b) The steps involved in pasteurization of milk are:

1. Raw milk is heated to a temperature of 63°C for 30 minutes, or 72°C for 15 seconds.
2. The milk is then rapidly cooled to below 10°C.
3. The pasteurized milk is stored in a sterilized container and is ready for distribution.

c) Four roles of each of the following agents in the marketing of animal products are:

(i) Wholesaler: A wholesaler buys animal products in large quantities from producers and sells them in smaller quantities to retailers. Their roles include buying in bulk, warehousing and storing products, and providing logistics and transportation services.

(ii) Retailer: A retailer buys animal products from wholesalers and sells them to consumers. Their roles include marketing and promoting products, providing customer service, and setting prices.

d) Three advantages of each of the following agents involved in the marketing of animal products are:

(i) Marketing boards:

1. They provide a stable market for animal products by controlling supply and demand.
2. They regulate prices to ensure fair returns for producers and stable prices for consumers.
3. They promote and advertise animal products, increasing demand and sales.

(ii) Co-operative societies:

1. They provide a platform for small-scale producers to pool their resources and market their products together, increasing their bargaining power.
2. They provide access to shared resources, such as equipment and storage facilities, reducing production costs.
3. They provide training and support to members, improving their skills and knowledge in animal husbandry and marketing.