The major limitation of oral tradition is:

The major limitation of oral tradition as a source of historical evidence is distortion over time. Oral tradition relies on the transmission of information from one generation to the next by word of mouth. Each time a story, account, or piece of historical knowledge is retold, there is a risk that details are altered, exaggerated, omitted, or reinterpreted to suit the interests or understanding of the narrator or audience.

Several factors contribute to this distortion:

• Human memory is imperfect, and recollections naturally change over long periods.
• Narrators may unconsciously modify accounts to reflect their own biases, cultural values, or political interests.
• Over many generations, the cumulative effect of small changes can significantly alter the original account.
• There is no fixed written record against which the accuracy of the oral version can be checked.

While illiteracy is a reason oral tradition exists (since pre-literate societies had no other means of preserving history), it is not a limitation of oral tradition itself. Similarly, lack of informants and high cost are not recognised as the primary weakness of this historical source. The fundamental challenge remains the reliability of accounts that have passed through many hands before being recorded.