(a) (i) List five birth control methods. (ii) State five reasons why family planning is important to a nation. (b) Make a drawing 8 to 10 cm long of the rep...

(a)(i) Five birth control methods

1. Oral contraceptive pill (hormonal method).
2. Male condom / sheath (barrier method).
3. Intra-uterine device (IUD) / coil / loop.
4. Tubal ligation (female sterilization) or vasectomy (male sterilization).
5. Rhythm / safe-period (calendar) method, or the withdrawal method (coitus interruptus).

Other acceptable methods: diaphragm / cervical cap, spermicides / foam, injectable hormones (Depo-Provera), and abstinence.

(a)(ii) Five reasons why family planning is important to a nation

1. It prevents population explosion by controlling rapid, uncontrolled population growth.
2. It promotes maternal and child health, and so reduces maternal and infant mortality rates.
3. It makes child spacing possible, giving mothers time to recover and children better care.
4. It raises the standard of living because the nation's resources (food, jobs, housing, schools, hospitals) can adequately serve the population.
5. It reduces the pressure on social amenities and infrastructure, and helps to prevent indiscriminate abortion, unemployment and poverty, allowing planned national development.

(b) Drawing of the human female reproductive system

The diagram below is a full front (anterior) view of the human female reproductive system, about 8-10 cm long, with every part clearly labelled. The two ovaries lie one on each side; each is linked to the top of the uterus by an oviduct (Fallopian tube) whose funnel-shaped opening carries finger-like fimbriae close to the ovary. The thick, muscular, pear-shaped uterus (womb) is lined internally by the endometrium. The lower narrow neck of the uterus is the cervix, which opens into the vagina.

Path of the egg and functions of the labelled parts: An ovary releases a mature egg (ovulation); the fimbriae sweep it into the oviduct, where fertilization by a sperm normally occurs. The cilia and muscular wall of the oviduct move the egg (or embryo) into the uterus, whose endometrium receives and nourishes the implanted embryo during pregnancy. The cervix closes to protect the developing foetus and dilates at birth, while the vagina serves both as the birth canal and as the receptacle for sperm during mating.