which of the following mineral element is essential for chlorophyll formulation?

Among the options given, manganese is the mineral element essential for chlorophyll formation. While magnesium forms the central atom of the chlorophyll molecule, manganese plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and in the light reactions of photosynthesis. Manganese is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway and is essential for the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II, where water molecules are split during photosynthesis.

Plants deficient in manganese show interveinal chlorosis (particularly on younger leaves) because the chlorophyll production pathway is disrupted.

The other elements listed do not play a direct role in chlorophyll formation:

• Sodium is not generally considered an essential element for most plants and has no role in chlorophyll synthesis.
• Molybdenum is a micronutrient needed primarily for nitrogen metabolism, specifically as a cofactor in the enzyme nitrate reductase.
• Boron is important for cell wall formation, sugar transport, and reproductive development, but not for chlorophyll synthesis.

Exam tip: Magnesium is part of the chlorophyll structure, but when it is not among the options, manganese is the correct choice because it is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis.