Taungya farming involves the integration of_and_

Taungya farming is an agroforestry system that involves the integration of crop husbandry and forestry. In this system, farmers are permitted to cultivate food crops (such as maize, cassava, yam, or vegetables) between the rows of newly planted forest trees. As the trees grow and the canopy closes, the crops are gradually phased out.

The Taungya system originated in Myanmar (Burma) and was introduced to West Africa, particularly Nigeria and Ghana, as a way to combine reforestation with food production. The arrangement benefits both parties: forestry departments get their trees established and tended by farmers, while farmers get temporary access to cleared forest land for food crop cultivation.

The other options describe different combinations:

• Animal husbandry and floriculture (ornamental flower growing) do not characterise Taungya farming.
• Crop husbandry and fish farming describes a form of integrated farming but not the Taungya system.
• Forestry and aquaculture is not a recognised combination in the Taungya system.

Exam tip: Taungya = crops + trees (agroforestry). It is not mixed farming (crops + livestock) or aquaculture.