An Arabic essay (المقال) has three essential structural elements:
العنوان (the title) - identifies the topic
المقدمة (the introduction) - introduces the subject and engages the reader
الخاتمة (the conclusion) - summarizes the main points and closes the essay
The body (العرض) is also essential, containing the main arguments and discussion, though it is not listed among the options.
الدعاء (supplication/prayer) is not an essential element of essay writing. While a writer may choose to include a prayer or invocation in certain types of religious or personal writing, it is not a structural requirement of the essay form. An essay can be complete and well-structured without any supplication. The title, introduction, and conclusion, by contrast, are fundamental components without which the essay would be structurally incomplete.
