In which of the following does external fertilization takes place?

External fertilization is a reproductive process in which the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) occurs outside the body of the female. Among the given options, the organism that undergoes external fertilization is the toad. Toads are amphibians that lay eggs in water. During mating, the male toad releases sperm over the eggs as they are being laid by the female. The sperm fertilizes the eggs, and the resulting embryos develop externally in the water until they hatch into tadpoles. This process is known as external fertilization. In contrast, birds, lizards, and cockroaches are examples of organisms that undergo internal fertilization, where fertilization occurs inside the female's body. The sperm is deposited inside the female, and then fertilizes the eggs.