Highlight the merits and demerits of a two-party system.

A two-party system is a system in which two major political parties dominate the political scene and alternate in the control of government, although other small parties may exist. Examples are found in the United States (Democrats and Republicans) and Britain (Conservative and Labour).

Merits of a two-party system

1. Political stability: it produces a clear majority party that forms a strong government, avoiding the frequent crises associated with coalitions.
2. Clear choice for voters: the electorate has a simple and clear choice between two alternative programmes and sets of leaders.
3. Effective opposition: the party out of power provides a strong, organised opposition that checks the government and offers itself as a ready alternative.
4. Reduced ethnic and sectional tension: because each party must appeal broadly to win, it tends to moderate extreme sectional demands and promote national unity.

Demerits of a two-party system

1. Limited choice: voters are restricted to only two real options, which may not reflect the full range of opinion in the country.
2. Neglect of minorities: the interests and views of small groups and minor parties may be ignored or under-represented.
3. Dictatorship of the ruling party: the majority party may become overbearing and impose its will, since it controls both the executive and the legislature.
4. Sharp division and rivalry: intense competition between the two parties can polarise the society into two hostile camps.