Study specimen R and answer questions 4(a) to 4(c). (a) (i) Name the phylum of specimen R. (ii) State two reasons for the answer in 4(a)(i). (iii) State the...

4(a)(i) Specimen R belongs to the phylum Annelida.

4(a)(ii) Reasons:

1. Its long cylindrical body is divided into numerous similar segments (metameric segmentation).
2. It possesses bristles called chaetae on the body segments.

4(a)(iii) It lives in moist or damp soil, especially under decaying leaves, grasses and other organic matter.

4(b)(i) Structural adaptations to its habitat:

1. It has chaetae which grip the soil during crawling and burrowing.
2. Its moist, slimy skin permits gaseous exchange and reduces friction during movement through the soil.

4(b)(ii) Economic importance:

1. Its burrowing aerates the soil.
2. Its castings and decomposition activities improve soil fertility.
3. It is used as bait in fishing.

4(c) Dorsal view of specimen R, with the following labels: prostomium/anterior end, body segments, clitellum, and posterior end (anus).

4(d)

4(e)(i) Observable differences between specimens S and T

4(e)(ii) Observable similarities between specimens S and T

1. Both are fruits.
2. Both contain seeds.
3. Both have a pericarp or fruit wall made up of epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.