A hospital radiographer produces the scan shown in Fig. 1 for a person with severe pain in one side of the lower back. A stone is blocking the ureter from t...
Question 1 Report
A hospital radiographer produces the scan shown in Fig. 1 for a person with severe pain in one side of the lower back. A stone is blocking the ureter from the left kidney. The scan is used with blood and urine tests to decide on treatment.
(a) Name the tube blocked by the stone. [1]
(b) Describe the effect of the blockage on the movement of urine from the left kidney. [2]
(c) Explain why a blood test may show an increased concentration of urea if both kidneys stop working properly. [3]
(d) Describe how a sample of urine can be tested for glucose. [3]
(e) Use your knowledge of kidney function to explain why a person with a stone may be advised to drink extra water, if medically appropriate. [2]
Answer Details
(a) The blocked tube is the ureter. [1]
(b) Urine cannot pass freely from the left kidney to the bladder. [1] It builds up behind the blockage, so urine flow is reduced. [1]
(c) Urea is produced in the liver from excess amino acids. [1] Healthy kidneys remove urea from the blood. [1] If both kidneys function poorly, less urea is removed, so it accumulates in the blood. [1]
(d) Add Benedict's solution to the urine sample. [1] Heat it in a water bath. [1] A change from blue to green, yellow, orange, or brick-red shows that glucose is present. [1]
(e) Extra water produces more dilute urine. [1] This may help small crystals or stones pass, or reduce further crystal formation. [1]
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