Figure 2: Selected wards in Mumbai, India Island CitySuburbsDharavi informal settlementMankhurd informal settlementCBDMumbai: simplified urban land-use mapi...

(a) Data are facts, measurements, observations or responses collected for an enquiry. They may be numerical, such as household size, or qualitative, such as residents' opinions. (b) Dharavi. (c) A railway. (d) Island City. (e) East, or north-east. (f) Use a questionnaire or house survey, for example recording access to piped water, toilets and electricity for a sample of households. (g) Safe sanitation. Acceptable alternatives include clean water supply, waste collection, drainage, road access, health care or electricity. (h) Railways provide relatively quick and affordable access to jobs and services elsewhere in the city. (i) Many residents need to reach jobs in the CBD, factories, markets, construction sites or domestic service. Living near work reduces journey time and transport costs, which is particularly important for low-income households. Railway corridors also provide accessible land and connections to other parts of Mumbai. Land beside tracks or on marginal sites may be less desirable or less closely controlled, allowing settlements to expand even though residents may face hazards such as noise, pollution and eviction. (j) The survey results could be placed in a table with the same indicators for both places, such as percentage of homes with piped water, number of people per room, toilet access, waste collection and residents' satisfaction scores. The enquiry should use comparable sample sizes or calculate percentages so that one larger sample does not distort the comparison. Bar charts could show differences clearly, while averages and ranges could compare household size or walking distance to water. Written conclusions should refer to the figures in the box, for example identifying which settlement has the higher proportion of households without sanitation, while recognising that samples may not represent every resident.