a. Name five vertebrae in mammals with their... | WAEC SSCE - Biology - 2019 (Essay)

Question 1 Report

a. Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations. [10 marks]

b. State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf:

(i) palisade;
(ii) vascular bundle;
(iii) epidermis. [3 marks]

c. State one function each of the following parts in the stem of a flowering plant:

(i) sieve tube;
(ii) cortex;
(iii) pith.

d. In a tabular form, state:

(i) two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding. [2 marks]
(ii) two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding. [2 marks]

Answer

(a) Five vertebrae in mammals with their locations

Vertebra	Location in the body
Cervical vertebrae	Neck region
Thoracic vertebrae	Chest (thorax) region, articulating with the ribs
Lumbar vertebrae	Lower back (abdominal) region
Sacral vertebrae	Hip (pelvic) region, fused to form the sacrum
Caudal vertebrae	Tail region

(b) One function each in a dicotyledonous leaf

Palisade: contains many chloroplasts and is the main site of photosynthesis.
Vascular bundle (vein): conducts water and mineral salts to the leaf (xylem) and carries manufactured food away (phloem); it also supports the leaf.
Epidermis: protects the inner tissues and, being covered by a cuticle, reduces water loss.

(c) One function each in the stem of a flowering plant

Sieve tube: conducts (translocates) manufactured food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Cortex: stores food and water and gives support to the stem.
Pith: stores food and water in the centre of the stem.

(d)(i) Two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seedling

Stem	Root
Bears leaves and buds	Bears no leaves or buds
Green in colour (photosynthetic)	Not green (whitish/brown)

Also: stem grows upward, root grows downward; root has root hairs and a root cap, the stem does not.

(d)(ii) Two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seedling

Stem	Root
Vascular bundles scattered throughout the ground tissue	Vascular tissue arranged in a central ring (central cylinder)
Xylem and phloem lie side by side in each bundle (conjoint)	Xylem and phloem lie on separate radii (radial arrangement)

Read lesson note on Morphology Of Monocotyledonous And Dicotyledonous Plants (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Cell Structure (WAEC)

Answer Details

(a) Five vertebrae in mammals with their locations

Vertebra	Location in the body
Cervical vertebrae	Neck region
Thoracic vertebrae	Chest (thorax) region, articulating with the ribs
Lumbar vertebrae	Lower back (abdominal) region
Sacral vertebrae	Hip (pelvic) region, fused to form the sacrum
Caudal vertebrae	Tail region

(b) One function each in a dicotyledonous leaf

Palisade: contains many chloroplasts and is the main site of photosynthesis.
Vascular bundle (vein): conducts water and mineral salts to the leaf (xylem) and carries manufactured food away (phloem); it also supports the leaf.
Epidermis: protects the inner tissues and, being covered by a cuticle, reduces water loss.

(c) One function each in the stem of a flowering plant

Sieve tube: conducts (translocates) manufactured food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Cortex: stores food and water and gives support to the stem.
Pith: stores food and water in the centre of the stem.

(d)(i) Two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seedling

Stem	Root
Bears leaves and buds	Bears no leaves or buds
Green in colour (photosynthetic)	Not green (whitish/brown)

Also: stem grows upward, root grows downward; root has root hairs and a root cap, the stem does not.

(d)(ii) Two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seedling

Stem	Root
Vascular bundles scattered throughout the ground tissue	Vascular tissue arranged in a central ring (central cylinder)
Xylem and phloem lie side by side in each bundle (conjoint)	Xylem and phloem lie on separate radii (radial arrangement)

Read lesson note on Morphology Of Monocotyledonous And Dicotyledonous Plants (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Cell Structure (WAEC)

Morphology Of Monocotyledonous And Dicotyledonous Plants

Cell Structure

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a. Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations. [10 marks] b. State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf:...

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a. Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations. [10 marks] b. State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf:...

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