(a) State two advantages of industrialization in Nigeria. (b) Explain four problems that retard industrialization in Nigeria. (c) In four ways, describe how...

(a) Two advantages of industrialisation in Nigeria

• It creates employment, reducing unemployment and raising incomes.
• It promotes import substitution and earns foreign exchange, so the country depends less on imported goods.
• It adds value to local raw materials and provides government revenue through taxes.

(b) Four problems that retard industrialisation in Nigeria

• Inadequate and unreliable power supply, forcing firms to run costly generators.
• Shortage of capital for investment and high interest rates on loans.
• Shortage of skilled labour and technical manpower.
• Poor transport and infrastructure, raising production costs.
• Competition from cheaper imported goods and dumping.
• Over-dependence on imported machinery and raw materials.
• Political instability and unfavourable government policies.

(c) Four ways the problems could be solved

• Improve and stabilise power supply by investing in and diversifying electricity generation.
• Provide capital through cheap loans, incentives and encouragement of local and foreign investment.
• Train skilled manpower through technical and vocational education.
• Develop transport and infrastructure (roads, rail, ports).
• Protect local industries from unfair imports through tariffs and patronage of made-in-Nigeria goods.
• Develop local raw materials to reduce dependence on imports, and maintain political stability with consistent policies.