(a) Draw a sketch map of Nigeria. On the map. locate and name one area important for the manufacturing of: (i) cement: (ii) cocoa products: (iii) flour. (b)...

(a) Sketch map of Nigeria showing selected manufacturing centres

An outline of Nigeria is drawn below. One important area is located and named for each of the three products required:

• Cement: Sagamu / Ewekoro (Ogun State, south-west), which lies on the limestone belt used for cement production.
• Cocoa products: Ibadan (Oyo State, south-west), a processing centre in the cocoa-growing belt.
• Flour: Kano (Kano State, north), a major flour-milling centre serving the northern grain area.

(b) Three benefits of large-scale manufacturing industries in Nigeria

1. Provision of employment: they absorb a large labour force, thereby reducing unemployment and raising incomes of workers.
2. Revenue generation: they yield revenue to government through company taxes, duties and levies, which finance public services.
3. Foreign-exchange earning and conservation: by exporting finished goods they earn foreign exchange, and by producing locally (import substitution) they conserve the foreign exchange that would have been spent on imports.

Other benefits include the development of social amenities and infrastructure, stimulation of other sectors of the economy (agriculture, mining, transport), growth of towns, and diversification of the economy.

(c) Three advantages of large-scale over small-scale manufacturing industries

1. Lower unit cost of production: large-scale firms enjoy economies of scale, so the cost of producing each unit is lower than in small-scale firms.
2. Greater access to capital: large firms can readily procure funds and credit from financial institutions and attract investment, which small firms cannot easily obtain.
3. Ability to engage in research and use advanced technology: large-scale industries can afford modern machinery and fund research, giving higher productivity and better-quality output.

Additional advantages include more efficient operation and advertisement, higher skill acquisition and manpower development, provision of welfare facilities, and a greater ability to absorb business risks.