which of the following will be the effect of waterlogged top soil on the roots of plants?

Waterlogged topsoil has a negative effect on the roots of plants because it restricts the supply of air to the roots. When the soil is saturated with water, it fills the small air spaces in the soil, preventing oxygen from reaching the roots. Roots require oxygen for respiration, which is the process that provides energy for growth and other metabolic activities. Without oxygen, the roots cannot function properly, and their growth and nutrient absorption capacity are severely affected. Therefore, the correct option is that the roots will be starved of air.