(a) Name one cottage industry and o manufacturing industry in any one of the zones shown on your map (b) Account for the location of each of the industries ...

(a) One cottage industry and one manufacturing industry in a named zone

Taking the Western (Lagos-Ibadan) Industrial Zone of south-western Nigeria:

• Cottage industry: tie-and-dye (adire) cloth making (a small-scale, home-based craft centred on Abeokuta).
• Manufacturing industry: cement manufacturing (a large-scale factory industry, for example the works at Ewekoro and Shagamu).

(b) Account for the location of each industry

Location of the adire (tie-and-dye) cottage industry

• Local raw materials: plain cotton cloth and locally obtained indigo and other dyes are readily available, so the craft needs little imported input.
• Traditional craft skill: the technique has been handed down over generations, especially among the women of Abeokuta, giving a ready pool of skilled labour.
• Low capital requirement: the work is done in the home with simple equipment, so no heavy machinery, large factory building or big money is needed.
• Ready market: a large local population and the demand for traditional and ceremonial cloth provide a steady, nearby market.

Location of the cement manufacturing industry

• Nearness to raw material: the zone lies on extensive deposits of limestone (with clay/shale), the bulky main raw material of cement, so the factory is sited on the source to cut transport cost.
• Availability of power: supply from the national grid and access to fuel keep the energy-intensive kilns running.
• Large market: the densely built-up Lagos-Ibadan belt, with its constant construction of houses, roads and factories, creates enormous demand for cement close by.
• Good transport: the well-developed road and rail network of the zone allows the heavy product to be moved cheaply to markets, and the nearby port at Lagos aids the movement of any imported gypsum and machinery.
• Adequate labour supply: the densely settled south-west provides both skilled and unskilled workers for the plant.