(a) Mention two sources of irrigation water [2marks] (b)Enumeratoin two advantages and two disadvanteges of irrigating farmlands [4marks] (c)List two ways b...

(a) Two sources of irrigation water

• Rivers and streams.
• Dams/reservoirs, lakes or underground water (boreholes and wells).

(b) Two advantages and two disadvantages of irrigating farmlands

Advantages:

• It allows crop production during the dry season and in areas of low rainfall.
• It increases crop yield and allows continuous (all-year) production.

Disadvantages:

• It is expensive to install and maintain.
• It may cause waterlogging and salinity, and can spread water-borne pests and diseases.

(c) Two ways by which the soil loses nutrients

• Leaching of soluble nutrients beyond the root zone.
• Soil erosion and removal of nutrients through harvested crops.

(d) Two reasons for manuring in crop production

• To replenish and add nutrients to the soil.
• To improve soil structure, water-holding capacity and organic-matter content, thereby raising yield.

(e) Two ways each environmental factor affects agricultural production

(i) Temperature:

• It affects the rate of germination, photosynthesis and growth of crops.
• Extreme temperatures affect flowering, ripening and the feeding and reproduction of animals.

(ii) Soil micro-organisms:

• They decompose organic matter and fix atmospheric nitrogen, releasing nutrients for crops.
• Some cause plant diseases while others cause denitrification, leading to loss of nitrogen.

(iii) Wind:

• It aids pollination and dispersal of seeds, and helps in drying of produce.
• Strong wind causes lodging of crops, wind erosion of soil and the spread of pests and diseases.