(a) (i) Name the disease associated with the observed symptoms. (ii) List three ways of controlling the disease named in 2(a)(i). (b) (i) State three pests ...

The specimen shows a cocoa pod bearing dark, spreading rot patches, the symptoms of black pod disease.

(a)(i) Disease associated with the observed symptoms

Black pod disease of cocoa (caused by the fungus Phytophthora).

(a)(ii) Three ways of controlling the disease

1. Remove and destroy all infected pods promptly.
2. Prune the lower branches and canopy and weed regularly to reduce humidity around the trees.
3. Apply the recommended fungicide (for example a copper-based fungicide).

(b)(i) Three pests of cocoa

1. Cocoa capsids/mirids.
2. Mealy bugs.
3. Termites (stem borers and shield bugs also attack cocoa).

(b)(ii) Three ways of controlling the pests

1. Spray the trees with the appropriate insecticides.
2. Weed regularly and practise early harvesting to reduce pest breeding sites.
3. Use resistant crop varieties.

(c) Five factors to be considered in siting a crop farm

1. Soil fertility and soil type.
2. Topography of the land.
3. Accessibility and nearness to a good road.
4. Proximity to a source of water.
5. Proximity to the market (availability and cost of labour is also considered).

(d) Three ways of maintaining survey equipment

1. Clean or wash and dry it properly after use before storage.
2. Grease or oil the metal parts to prevent rust, and paint them when necessary.
3. Store it in a cool, dry place and keep the prismatic compass away from magnetic fields.