(a) On a sketch map of Nigeria, show and name the (i) three climatic belts; (ii) dominant air masses which influence the climate of Nigeria (b) Outline thre...

(a) Sketch maps of Nigeria

(i) Climatic belts

(ii) Dominant air masses influencing Nigeria

The Tropical Maritime (mT) air mass is moist and originates over the Atlantic Ocean. The Tropical Continental (cT) air mass is dry and dusty and originates over the Sahara Desert. Their boundary is the Inter-Tropical Discontinuity (ITD).

(b) Adaptations of Sudan savannah vegetation to the climate

1. Trees have long tap roots which reach underground water during the long dry season.
2. Many trees shed their leaves during the dry season in order to reduce water loss through transpiration.
3. Trees commonly have small, thorny leaves and thick bark. These reduce transpiration and help the plants withstand heat, drought and bush fires.

(c) Economic importance of natural vegetation in Nigeria

1. It provides food, such as fruits, nuts, seeds, leaves and edible roots, for man.
2. It supplies grasses and browse which serve as food for livestock and wildlife.
3. It supplies raw materials for industries, including timber, rubber, fibres, ropes, paper pulp, gums and medicinal herbs.
4. It provides employment and fuelwood through forestry, logging, sawmilling, charcoal production and related activities.