(a) Study carefully specimens A and B and use them to answer questions 1(a) to 1(c). (a)(i) Name the types of fruit in specimens A and B with reasons. (ii) ...
Question 1 Report
(a) Study carefully specimens A and B and use them to answer questions 1(a) to 1(c).
(a)(i) Name the types of fruit in specimens A and B with reasons.
(ii) Make a drawing, 8-10cm long of the lateral view of specimen B and label fully.
(b) Describe the modes of dispersal of specimens A and B.
(c) In a tabular form, state five differences between specimens A and B.
Answer Details
(a)(i) Types of fruit in specimens A and B, with reasons
Specimen A (garden egg): a berry. Reason: it has a fleshy pericarp with many seeds embedded in it.
Specimen B (Tridax fruit): a cypsela. Reason: it is a dry, single-seeded fruit that develops from an inferior ovary and bears a hairy pappus (parachute) formed from the modified calyx.
(a)(ii) Labelled drawing of the lateral (side) view of specimen B (Tridax fruit)
The drawing below shows the lateral view of the Tridax cypsela, made 8-10 cm long and fully labelled.
(b) Modes of dispersal of specimens A and B
Specimen A (garden egg): dispersed by animals. The fleshy, edible fruit is eaten by animals; the seeds pass through the gut unharmed and are voided in the droppings some distance away.
Specimen B (Tridax fruit): dispersed by wind. The light, dry fruit bears a crown of feathery pappus hairs (a parachute) that increases its surface area, so it is easily carried away by air currents.
(c) Five differences between specimens A and B
| Specimen A (Garden egg) | Specimen B (Tridax fruit) |
|---|---|
| Fleshy pericarp | Dry pericarp |
| Smooth epicarp (fruit wall) | Hairy epicarp (fruit wall) |
| Pappus absent; calyx present beneath the fruit | Pappus present (calyx modified into a pappus) on top of the fruit |
| Large and heavy fruit | Small and light fruit |
| Green, white or yellow in colour | Brown in colour |
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