(a) State five objectives of animal…

Question 1 Report

(a) State five objectives of animal improvement.

(b) Mention live signs that indicate that a pregnant animal is approaching parturition. (c) Name two disease causing organisms in livestock production.

(d) copy and complete the table below:

Nutrients	One Function	One deficiency symptom
Calcium
Iodine
Vitamin A
Vitamin E

Answer

(a) Five objectives of animal improvement

To increase the yield of animal products such as meat, milk, eggs and wool.
To improve the quality of these products, for example leaner meat or milk of higher butterfat content.
To develop animals that grow faster and reach market or maturity weight earlier (better feed conversion).
To breed animals with greater resistance or tolerance to diseases, parasites and harsh environmental conditions.
To improve the reproductive efficiency (fertility, prolificacy and mothering ability) of the animals.

(b) Signs that a pregnant animal is approaching parturition

Enlargement of the udder with the secretion of milk (bagging up).
Swelling and slackening or reddening of the vulva.
Restlessness, isolation from the herd and the making of a nest or bed in some animals.
Relaxation and sinking of the pelvic (tail-head) ligaments and hollowing of the flanks.
Loss of appetite and frequent lying down and rising.

(c) Two disease-causing organisms in livestock production

Bacteria (for example those causing anthrax and brucellosis).
Protozoa (for example Trypanosoma causing trypanosomiasis). Other examples include viruses and helminths (worms).

(d) Completed nutrient table

Nutrient	One function	One deficiency symptom
Calcium	Formation of strong bones, teeth and eggshells; needed for blood clotting.	Rickets in the young / soft weak bones and thin-shelled eggs; milk fever in cattle.
Iodine	Formation of the thyroid hormone (thyroxine) which controls the rate of metabolism.	Goitre (enlargement of the thyroid gland); birth of weak or hairless young.
Vitamin A	Maintains healthy eyes and vision and keeps the skin and epithelial linings healthy.	Night blindness and, in severe cases, total blindness (xerophthalmia).
Vitamin E	Promotes normal reproduction and protects body tissues, especially muscles, as an antioxidant.	Muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease) and infertility.

Read lesson note on Introduction To Animal Nutrition (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Animal Improvement (WAEC)

Answer Details

(a) Five objectives of animal improvement

To increase the yield of animal products such as meat, milk, eggs and wool.
To improve the quality of these products, for example leaner meat or milk of higher butterfat content.
To develop animals that grow faster and reach market or maturity weight earlier (better feed conversion).
To breed animals with greater resistance or tolerance to diseases, parasites and harsh environmental conditions.
To improve the reproductive efficiency (fertility, prolificacy and mothering ability) of the animals.

(b) Signs that a pregnant animal is approaching parturition

Enlargement of the udder with the secretion of milk (bagging up).
Swelling and slackening or reddening of the vulva.
Restlessness, isolation from the herd and the making of a nest or bed in some animals.
Relaxation and sinking of the pelvic (tail-head) ligaments and hollowing of the flanks.
Loss of appetite and frequent lying down and rising.

(c) Two disease-causing organisms in livestock production

Bacteria (for example those causing anthrax and brucellosis).
Protozoa (for example Trypanosoma causing trypanosomiasis). Other examples include viruses and helminths (worms).

(d) Completed nutrient table

Nutrient	One function	One deficiency symptom
Calcium	Formation of strong bones, teeth and eggshells; needed for blood clotting.	Rickets in the young / soft weak bones and thin-shelled eggs; milk fever in cattle.
Iodine	Formation of the thyroid hormone (thyroxine) which controls the rate of metabolism.	Goitre (enlargement of the thyroid gland); birth of weak or hairless young.
Vitamin A	Maintains healthy eyes and vision and keeps the skin and epithelial linings healthy.	Night blindness and, in severe cases, total blindness (xerophthalmia).
Vitamin E	Promotes normal reproduction and protects body tissues, especially muscles, as an antioxidant.	Muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease) and infertility.

Read lesson note on Introduction To Animal Nutrition (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Animal Improvement (WAEC)

Introduction To Animal Nutrition

Animal Improvement

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(a) State five objectives of animal improvement. (b) Mention live signs that indicate that a pregnant animal is approaching parturition. (c) Name two diseas...

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