(a) Mention three equipment used in incubation of eggs (b) State five measures a livestock farmer could adopt to control diseases on the farm (c) enumerate ...

(a) Three equipment used in incubation of eggs

• Incubator.
• Egg tray.
• Candler (candling lamp) - also thermometer and hygrometer.

(b) Five measures a livestock farmer could adopt to control diseases on the farm

• Vaccinate the animals against common diseases.
• Maintain good sanitation and hygiene in pens and equipment.
• Isolate/quarantine sick and newly introduced animals.
• Provide balanced feed and clean water to build resistance.
• Deworm regularly and disinfect the premises, and treat sick animals promptly.

(c) Four advantages of artificial insemination

• One superior sire can serve many females.
• It prevents the spread of breeding (venereal) diseases.
• It removes the cost and danger of keeping a bull.
• Semen can be stored and transported over long distances for genetic improvement.

(d) Two methods of animal improvement

• Selection: identifying and keeping only animals with superior, desirable traits (high yield, disease resistance, good conformation) for breeding, so that these traits are passed on to the offspring.
• Crossbreeding: mating animals of two different breeds so as to combine the desirable qualities of both breeds and obtain hybrid vigour (offspring superior to the parents).