Which of the following landforms is associated with parallel faulting?

A rift valley is the landform associated with parallel faulting. A rift valley (also called a graben) forms when two roughly parallel normal faults develop in the Earth's crust and the block of land between them subsides or drops downward relative to the blocks on either side. The resulting elongated, steep-sided trough is the rift valley.

The process requires tensional forces in the crust that pull the rock apart, creating two parallel fault lines. The central block, no longer supported, sinks under gravity to form the valley floor, while the upstanding blocks on either side form the valley walls (escarpments). If the side blocks are pushed upward instead, they form block mountains (horsts).

The most famous example is the East African Rift System (also called the Great Rift Valley), stretching from the Red Sea through Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi. The Rhine Rift Valley in Europe is another well-known example.

The other options are not formed by parallel faulting:

• A gorge is a narrow, deep valley carved by river erosion.
• An inselberg is an isolated hill or mountain rising above a plain, formed by differential weathering and erosion.
• A dyke is a sheet-like intrusion of igneous rock that cuts across existing rock layers, formed by volcanic activity.