Fig. 3.1 shows drawings of four small animals, A, B, C and D, collected from a garden. All four belong to the arthropod group. A student examined each drawi...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 3.1 shows drawings of four small animals, A, B, C and D, collected from a garden. All four belong to the arthropod group. A student examined each drawing under a hand lens to compare their features and to place them into smaller groups.
| Animal | Number of legs | Number of main body parts |
|---|---|---|
| A | 3 | |
| B | 2 | |
| C | many segments | |
| D | many segments |
(a) State the feature, shown by all four animals, that places them in the arthropod group. [1]
(b) Complete the table by recording the number of legs of animals A, B, C and D, using Fig. 3.1. [4]
(c) State which animal is an insect and give one visible feature that supports your answer. [2]
(d) State which animal is an arachnid and give one visible feature that supports your answer. [2]
(e) Name the group to which animal C belongs. [1]
(f) Name the group to which animal D belongs. [1]
(g) Name the hard outer covering of an arthropod's body. [1]
(h) Explain why an arthropod must shed this covering as it grows. [2]
(i) Describe how a hand lens should be used to observe the small features accurately. [2]
(j) Name two characteristics of living organisms shown by these animals and, for each, give one observation. [2]
Answer Details
This question classifies four arthropods by counting legs and body parts from the drawings.
(a) Feature of all arthropods [1] They all have jointed legs (accept a segmented body or a hard exoskeleton). [1]
(b) Completed table of legs [4] Count the legs shown on each animal in Fig. 3.1:
| Animal | Number of legs | Number of main body parts |
|---|---|---|
| A | 6 [1] | 3 |
| B | 8 [1] | 2 |
| C | many (one pair per segment) [1] | many segments |
| D | many [1] | many segments |
(c) Which is an insect [2] Animal A [1], because it has six legs (also three body parts and antennae) [1].
(d) Which is an arachnid [2] Animal B [1], because it has eight legs (two body parts and no antennae) [1].
(e) Group of animal C [1] Myriapod (the centipede group). [1]
(f) Group of animal D [1] Crustacean (the woodlouse group). [1]
(g) Hard outer covering [1] The exoskeleton (accept cuticle). [1]
(h) Why it must be shed [2] The exoskeleton is hard and cannot enlarge as the animal grows [1]; it must be shed (moulted) so a new, larger covering can form and the body can grow [1].
(i) Using a hand lens [2] Hold the lens close to your eye and move the specimen towards or away until it comes into focus [1]; work in a good light and do not move the lens once the image is sharp [1].
(j) Two characteristics of living organisms, with an observation [2] Any two, each with an example: movement, the animal crawls; nutrition, it feeds on plant material; sensitivity, it moves away when touched. [2]
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